北京時間：2020-02-20 02:04
圖為2020年2月16日中國湖北省武漢市紅十字會醫院的醫務人員在隔離病房工作。(STR/AFP via Getty Images) FacebookTwitterEmailPrintFont Size簡體
【新唐人北京時間2020年02月20日訊】德國一項最新研究表明，在室溫條件下，新冠病毒病原體在無生命物體的表面最長可存活9天。這意味着如果沒有及時對被污染過的物體表面進行消毒處理，後果將十分嚴重。有輿論認為，這個發現將加劇國際社會對中國出口產品是否安全的憂懼。
中國武漢率先爆發的新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情，至今在中國大陸未能得到有效控制，令國際社會憂心忡忡。各國相關研究機構也正在對這種新型病毒的特性進行深入的研究，以防範其對人類造成更嚴重的傷害。
德國《醫院感染雜誌》（Journal of Hospital Infection）日前報導稱，德國研究人員為進一步了解新型冠狀病毒，試圖從SARS或MERS等相似於冠狀病毒的結構當中，找出武漢肺炎的解法。為此科學家進行了22種研究，結果發現，在室溫條件下，人類的病毒病原體，在塑料表面最多可存活9天。這也意味着，新冠肺炎患者接觸過的物品，很可能成為導致其他人被感染的媒介。
科學家指出，這類病毒通常離開人體等宿主後，在塑料、玻璃、木頭或是紙張、鋁上，能夠存活大約4到5天的時間，但在某些情況下，病毒存活時間更長，而這些物品或材質是人類每日生活中極為常見且大量碰觸的東西。如果被污染過的物體沒有進行及時的消毒處理，將給其他人帶來被病毒感染的極大風險。
稍早前，英國國民保健制度（NHS）網站曾介紹說，通常來說，病毒離開人體後存活時間的長短，取決於其所依附物體的表面情況，以及溫度、濕度等環境狀況，不同種類病毒存活時間也有差異。
總體來看，病毒在不鏽鋼或塑料等非滲透性（防水）材質的表面存活時間更長，在纖維織物或紙巾等滲透性物質表面存活的時間則相對較短。所以，電梯按鍵和門把手等硬質物體，是公眾需要加倍小心的病毒載體，要盡量避免接觸這些物體後又用手碰觸自己的眼睛和口鼻。而對這些公共物體的及時消毒，以及民眾養成及時洗手等衛生習慣十分重要。
世衞組織（WHO）曾在報告中提到，使用0.1％次氯酸鈉水（sodium hypochlorite）、過氧化氫（Hydrogen peroxide），或是62％至71％乙醇（酒精）這三種成分，能有效快速降低物體表面的冠狀病毒感染性。
即使如此，新型冠狀病毒離開宿主後存活的時間竟然最長達9天，這對正深受這場疫情所困的民眾來說，仍然是一個十分令人震驚的消息。有輿論認為，雖然及時消毒和保持嚴格的衞生習慣有助於人們盡可能避免別感染，但新冠病毒如果繼續在中國大陸四處蔓延，必將對中國產品出口造成重大打擊。
今年1月30日，在國際社會高度關注的壓力之下，世衛組織已宣布新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎疫情為國際關注的突發公共衛生事件（英文簡稱PHEIC）。雖然世衛組織總幹事譚德塞強調，沒有必要採取限制國際旅行和貿易的措施，世衛組織不推薦限制旅行和貿易的措施，但實際上世界各國是否繼續與中國進行貿易，以及是否會對中國人出行實施限制，從根本上來說並不取決於世衛組織的說辭如何，而是取決於各國政府對中國實際疫情的嚴重程度的判斷。
有分析認為，如果國際社會認為中國的實際疫情嚴重程度帶來的風險足夠大，仍然會採取類似對待疫區國的嚴厲防範措施，最終可能導致中國與國際社會的旅遊及貿易等聯繫中斷，因此而對中國經濟產生的衝擊力不亞於一場國際經濟制裁。
中國科學技術大學副研究員胡不歸曾在微博中引述一篇文章稱，如果武漢肺炎被宣布為PHEIC，相當於中國被界定為疫區國，對中國經濟的負面影響「或將遠超中美貿易戰」，因為這意味著，「任何他國車船飛機等交通工具停止經過，將視為經過疫區，事後必須接受特殊疫區觀察。一旦疫情失控，中國的出口貨物都將被視為疫區國產品，被世界市場排斥，外商在華投資的信心將受到極大打擊」。
（記者唐迪綜合報導/責任編輯：雲濤）
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